16 de noviembre

Francisco Pizarro's 168 men ambushed the emperor's unarmed retinue in the town square. For his release Atahualpa filled a room once with gold and twice with silver; the Spaniards took it and executed him the next year.

Atahualpa came into the town square with thousands of unarmed attendants. The friar Vicente de Valverde held out a breviary; the Inca dropped it, and the hidden Spaniards attacked with guns, horses and steel. Spanish eyewitnesses put the dead at two thousand or more; no Spaniard was killed.

DELAG, founded at Frankfurt in November 1909 to fly Zeppelins, was the world’s first airline. Over nearly three decades commercial airships flew tens of thousands of passengers on more than 2,000 flights without an injury, until the Hindenburg burned.

Rejecting a canyon at Jemez Springs, J. Robert Oppenheimer led Groves up to a mesa he knew from riding holidays. The Army bought the Los Alamos Ranch School for boys, and its lodge became the heart of the secret laboratory.

More than 140 American bombers attacked the plant. The heavy-water cells, in a basement, survived; a bomb shelter did not, and some twenty Norwegians were killed. The Germans decided to move the stock to Germany.

To mark an upgrade, Frank Drake’s team beamed 1,679 bits at the star cluster M13, some 25,000 light-years away. 1,679 is 23 × 73, the product of two primes, a hint to arrange the bits as a picture: numbers, DNA, a human figure and the dish itself.

Twelve teams in China, playing 80-minute matches. The United States beat Norway 2–1 in the final in Guangzhou. FIFA called it a World Championship for Women’s Football; the name World Cup came later.

Robert Earl Davis Jr. slowed records down and cut between two copies to make “chopped and screwed” mixes, sold on hundreds of grey tapes from his house in South Houston. He died at 29. His slowed sound runs through Southern rap and, decades later, the whole genre.

Platforms operating in the EU must remove illegal content when told, explain their recommendations and open their data to researchers. The biggest, with over 45 million EU users, face fines of up to 6% of worldwide turnover; their duties began in August 2023.