25 novembre

Baldwin IV, sixteen and already ill with leprosy, caught Saladin’s army spread out and plundering near Ramla. With a few hundred knights and the Templars he routed it; Saladin barely got back to Egypt.

Taken, lost and taken again within the year. Goa became the capital of Portuguese Asia and stayed Portuguese for 451 years, until India annexed it in 1961.

Afonso de Albuquerque stormed the island from the sultan of Bijapur at the second attempt. Goa became the capital of Portugal’s empire in Asia and stayed Portuguese until 1961.

The last major British garrison sailed away. Across the colonies, Maya Jasanoff estimates, about 60,000 Loyalists left for good, taking some 15,000 enslaved people with them.

Grant broke the siege of the starving Union army in the city. On the last day his men stormed Missionary Ridge without orders and routed Bragg’s army. 12,485 casualties (NPS).

The final equations, with the trace term that the addendum’s guess had stood in for. “With this, the general theory of relativity is finally completed as a logical structure.” Hilbert had submitted his own paper in Göttingen five days before, and how much each owed the other is still argued.

Paul von Lettow-Vorbeck’s small force of German officers and African askari tied down far larger British, Indian, South African, Belgian and Portuguese armies for four years and never surrendered until after the Armistice. Most of the dead were African carriers, pressed into service by every side…

Still undefeated, deep in Northern Rhodesia, he learned of the Armistice days after it was signed and surrendered two weeks after the war ended, with fewer than 200 Germans and some 1,100 askari still with him.

A day after Congress cited the Hollywood Ten for contempt — they had refused to tell the House Un-American Activities Committee whether they were Communists — studio heads met in New York and pledged not to knowingly employ one. The blacklist held until 1960, when Dalton Trumbo’s name went back on…

The biggest crowd of the revolution, put at up to 800,000, filled the Letná plain above the Vltava, where May Day parades had marched past the party leaders.

It promised to buy up to 600 billion dollars of mortgage-backed securities and Fannie and Freddie debt: the first round of what came to be called quantitative easing.

In online videos and to the Associated Press, He Jiankui announced the birth of twin girls, Lulu and Nana, whose CCR5 gene he had edited as embryos to resist HIV. Three days later he defended it at a genome-editing summit in Hong Kong. On 30 December 2019 a Shenzhen court sentenced him to three…