10. Juni

The old emperor had led his army across Anatolia and taken Konya when he drowned crossing or bathing in a river in Cilicia. His army broke up; only a remnant reached Acre.

On the night of 10 June fire destroyed the town and most of the cathedral; only the crypt and the west front with its Royal Portal survived. When the Sancta Camisa, the tunic believed to be the Virgin’s, was found unharmed in the crypt, the survival was taken as a sign that she wanted a new church.

With the king a prisoner and Paris in revolt under Étienne Marcel, peasants of the Beauvaisis rose against the nobles who had lost at Poitiers and now plundered them. They burned manors and killed families; the reprisals killed thousands after Charles of Navarre beat their army at Mello and…

His letters on England praised Quaker tolerance, Locke, Newton and smallpox inoculation, and every compliment was a rebuke to France. The Parlement of Paris ordered the book torn up and burned by the executioner at the foot of the Palais de Justice’s great staircase. A warrant went out for…

Four weeks with the Nez Perce, waiting for the snow on the Lolo Trail to melt. They returned most of the party’s horses, and Clark traded medical care for food, treating a line of patients each day. In council the Nez Perce agreed to the captains’ talk of peace and trade.

On 17 June they met snow “from 12 to 15 feet deep” and, for the first time, turned back. They tried again with three Nez Perce guides, who found the trail under the snow, and crossed in six days.

Paid for by the young King Ludwig II of Bavaria and conducted by Hans von Bülow, whose wife Cosima had borne Wagner a daughter, Isolde, two months before. Its opening harmony, the Tristan chord, leaves the key hanging. The first Tristan, Ludwig Schnorr von Carolsfeld, died that July, aged…

He enrolled in the High Court the next day and sailed for India the day after that. In Bombay his brother met him with news that had been kept from him: his mother had died while he was away.

Five cars answered Le Matin’s challenge to drive from Peking to Paris, across a continent with almost no roads. Prince Scipione Borghese’s Itala, with the journalist Luigi Barzini aboard, was hauled over mountain passes by teams of men, crossed the Gobi and ran on the Trans-Siberian’s tracks, and…

Sharif Hussein of Mecca rose against the Ottomans on a British promise of Arab independence. His son Faisal’s army, with the British liaison officer T. E. Lawrence, raided the Hejaz railway and moved north beside Allenby’s advance.

Sharif Hussein of Mecca, promised an Arab kingdom by the British, fired the first shot from his palace. The Ottoman garrison of Medina held out until January 1919, two months after the war ended.

Odell climbed back to Camp VI and above it and found nothing. He laid out bedding on the snow in the agreed signal to the watchers far below: no trace, given up hope. The expedition left the mountain the next day.

Czechoslovakia led until the 81st minute, and Angelo Schiavio won it in extra time. Italy’s Luis Monti had played in the 1930 final for Argentina: two finals for two countries.

Mussolini’s World Cup. The holders Uruguay stayed away, repaying Europe’s snub of 1930, and so many teams entered that even the hosts had to qualify, the only time they ever have. Egypt became the first African team at a World Cup.

Australia’s quarantine laws kept foreign horses out, so the riding events of the Melbourne Games were held five months early on the other side of the world, the only time an Olympics has been split between two countries.

In a commencement speech at American University Kennedy asked Americans to re-examine their view of the Soviet Union and announced talks in Moscow on a test ban. Khrushchev had it printed in full in Pravda and Izvestia.

The House passed the bill 290 to 130 in February. In the Senate, Southern Democrats talked for sixty working days, Robert Byrd for more than 14 hours at the end, until on 10 June the Senate voted 71 to 29 for cloture: the first time it had ever cut off debate on a civil rights bill.

Wozniak's masterpiece: colour graphics, sound and eight expansion slots in a plastic case that sat on a desk. With the Commodore PET and the Tandy TRS-80 the same year, it made 1977 the year computers came ready-made.

From 1998 the finals took 32 teams and 64 matches over a month. The next step, 48 teams, came in 2026.

Croatia, at their first World Cup, finished third. Iran beat the United States 2–1 in Lyon after the players had posed together and swapped white roses before kick-off.

The European core from Dome C went back 740,000 years, and with its deepest ice later 800,000 years. In all that time carbon dioxide ran between 172 and about 300 parts per million; today it is above 420.

Ian Goodfellow’s idea: train two networks against each other, one forging images and one trying to catch the forgeries, until the fakes pass. GANs made the first photorealistic faces of people who don’t exist.