13 juin

The war was paid for with taxes, and the third poll tax, voted in 1380 to fund an expedition to France, set off risings in Essex and Kent. The rebels entered London, burned John of Gaunt’s Savoy palace and killed the chancellor; their leader Wat Tyler was killed at Smithfield two days later,…

Katharina was one of twelve nuns who had escaped from the convent of Nimbschen in 1523, reportedly hidden in a merchant’s cart among herring barrels. The former monk and former nun set up house in the Black Cloister and had six children: the model of the Protestant parsonage.

Henslowe’s first record of the new company: it shared a small playhouse south of the river with the Admiral’s Men. Among the plays were Titus, a “tamynge of A shrowe” and a “hamlet”, an older play on the story, now lost, and not Shakespeare’s.

Searching for a northeast passage, the ship froze in. Seventeen men built a house from driftwood and ship's timber and lived through the polar night. Twelve got home in open boats; Willem Barentsz was not one of them. The house was found untouched in 1871.

Josiah Wedgwood named his new pottery after the Etruscans and on opening day threw six black vases himself while his partner Thomas Bentley turned the wheel. He split the work into specialised tasks, and pushed the Trent and Mersey Canal past his gate so his pots would not break on the roads.

Past the mouth of the Yellowstone and into the Missouri Breaks, through herds of buffalo, elk and antelope and the first grizzly bears the captains had seen. Beyond the Knife River they had only the Hidatsa’s descriptions to go on, and those proved good.

formes the grandest sight I ever beheld — Lewis Scouting ahead, Lewis heard the roar and saw the spray miles off, and knew the south fork was right. Then he found the bad news: five falls in about ten miles of river, not one. The largest is under Ryan Dam today.

The first daylight raid on London by aeroplanes killed 162 people. A bomb on the Upper North Street School in Poplar killed 18 children, most of them five or six years old.

The Donoughmore constitution gave every adult of 21 the vote, women included. At the first State Council election, held from 13 to 20 June, Ceylon became the first non-white colony of a European empire where every adult could vote.

Prisoner 466/64, in a single cell in B Section he could cross in three paces. For thirteen years he broke stone in the glare of a lime quarry, which damaged his eyes. As a D-group prisoner he could have one visit and one letter every six months. The prisoners taught one another, and called the…

Daniel Ellsberg had copied the Defense Department’s secret history of the war, 47 volumes of it. It showed four administrations saying one thing and doing another. The Nixon administration had the paper enjoined, and the Supreme Court lifted the order 6 to 3 on 30 June.

The first tournament for the new trophy, Silvio Gazzaniga’s gold figures holding up the globe. Johan Cruyff’s Netherlands played Total Football, and just before it began Brazil’s João Havelange was elected FIFA’s first non-European president.

Havelange had won FIFA’s presidency on votes from Africa and Asia and repaid them with places: 24 teams from 1982, and two African qualifiers instead of one.

Algeria beat West Germany on their debut. The semi-final between West Germany and France in Seville was the first World Cup match settled on penalties.

The ruling party, an Opposition Round Table of eight groups and a third side of party-linked organisations negotiated the new constitution’s rules. The agreement set up free elections and a Constitutional Court; the Free Democrats and Fidesz refused to sign it.

Japan’s ion-engined probe touched down twice on the asteroid Itokawa in November 2005. A fuel leak, dead reaction wheels and failing engines followed, and it limped home three years late.

The spacecraft burned up as a fireball over the outback while its capsule parachuted down. Inside were about 1,500 grains of Itokawa, the first asteroid samples brought to Earth.

The network for careers, launched in 2003 from Reid Hoffman’s living room, went to Microsoft for $26.2 billion in cash, Microsoft’s biggest purchase until then.