24 de julio

Pakal came to the throne aged twelve, after Calakmul had sacked Palenque in 599 and 611, and ruled for 68 years. His mother Sak K’uk’ had held the throne for three years before him. He rebuilt the city around its Palace and began his own tomb. Long Count 9.9.2.4.8 5 Lamat 1 Mol

The crusade attacked the one Muslim city that had been the kingdom’s ally, then moved from the orchards to the bare east side, gave up after four days and blamed treachery. Ibn al-Qalanisi, inside the city, dates the first battle Saturday 6 Rabiʿ I 543, 24 July; the tabular calendar puts 6 Rabiʿ I…

The richest of the Swahili city-states. From its island, Kilwa controlled the gold trade of Sofala, fed by the Zimbabwe plateau, and minted its own copper coins. The Kilwa Chronicle says a prince from Shiraz founded it.

Francisco de Almeida’s fleet stormed the town on its way to India and built a fort. With the gold trade diverted to Sofala under Portuguese control, Kilwa never recovered.

His Letter on the Blind let a blind mathematician doubt that the universe showed a designer. Diderot was taken to the keep of Vincennes by lettre de cachet and let out only after promising never to publish anything like it again. The Encyclopédie’s publishers had lobbied for his release.

Opening the Swiss Society of Natural Sciences at Neuchâtel, its 30-year-old president Louis Agassiz argued that a great ice age had covered Europe, which explained the boulders stranded far from the Alps. His audience was hostile; his Études sur les glaciers followed in 1840.

Entering the Bay of Biscay, the captain finds another man lost overnight, again after his watch. The crew send a round robin asking for a double watch because they fear to be alone.

Mina joins Lucy and her mother at Whitby and writes on the East Cliff, above the harbour, the abbey ruin and the churchyard whose steps lead down to the town. An old sailor tells her not to “fash masel’ about” the legends of the place: Mr. Swales claims he is nearly a hundred and was in the…

Mina joins Lucy at Whitby while no word comes from Jonathan. The storm, the wreck and Mr. Swales’s death frame Lucy’s first sleepwalking, and Mina leaves on 20 August to nurse Jonathan in Buda-Pesth.

Kerensky’s own cabinet, with socialists in the majority but the Kadets back in. It fell apart over the Kornilov affair.

The Allies recognised Turkey’s borders and dropped the capitulations. A convention signed there that January had already agreed the compulsory exchange of populations between Greece and Turkey.

Columbia hit the top of the atmosphere, 122 km up, at 11 km/s.

In the Pacific south-west of Hawaii, moved 400 km from the planned spot to avoid bad weather, and 24 km from the carrier USS Hornet. The crew put on isolation suits before leaving the capsule and stayed in quarantine until 10 August.

From the agreement signed at the Moscow summit to the splashdown of the last Apollo capsule: three years in which the rivals built a docking system both could use.

The US Federal Trade Commission’s penalty for breaking a 2012 privacy order, the largest it had ever imposed, almost twenty times any earlier privacy fine anywhere.

The first women’s Tour de France since 1989 opened with a stage from the Eiffel Tower to the Champs-Élysées on the men’s final day. Annemiek van Vleuten, 39, won it by 3 minutes 48 seconds.